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Scientific Integrity Under Threat: The Role of the IDSA, PIDS, and SHEA Journals in an Evolving Political Landscape
The landscape of scientific publishing, education, and healthcare research is facing unprecedented challenges as political decisions increasingly encroach on academic freedom, data accessibility, and global health priorities. Recent policy changes in the United States, including the removal of key ...
DHEA counteracts Leishmania donovani-induced cortisol: GR signalling-mediated immunosuppression and anti-inflammatory bias
Anuradha Seth and others
During experimental VL, L. donovani LPG induces cortisol production in host. DHEA treatment exerts dual effects: directly inhibits 11β-HSD1-mediated cortisol production hereby suppresses cortisol: GR-mediated anti-inflammatory signalling and also induces pro-inflammatory mediators that ultimately improve disease outcomes.
Interferon Gamma Stimulation Fails to Restrict Mycobacterium tuberculosis Growth in Human Monocyte-derived and Alveolar Macrophages
Mark C Fernandez and others
In contrast to murine macrophages, we demonstrate that IFNG fails to restrict Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in human peripheral blood and alveolar macrophages. These data suggest that IFNG-stimulated macrophage responses are species-specific with implications for models of tuberculosis pathogenesis.
Pediatric acute respiratory virus hospitalizations: A population-based cohort study, 2017-2024
Tiffany Fitzpatrick and others
Significant changes in both the seasonality and epidemiology of many common pediatric respiratory viruses occurred following the pandemic. Overall, COVID-19 contributed minimally to the total number of respiratory infection-related hospitalizations, particularly in <5-year-olds. Typical seasonality appeared to return in 2023/24.
Investigating nosocomial BKPyV (BK Polyomavirus) infections in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients: challenges and prospects
Aurélien Aubry and others
This study investigates BKPyV nosocomial transmission in a pediatric hematology unit. A genotype Ia cluster and overlapping stays suggest possible cross-transmission, but the low genetic variability of this virus complicates confirmation, highlighting challenges in assessing its nosocomial spread.

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At the Mercy of the Artificial Intelligence Algorithm: Discrepant Polymerase Chain Reaction Results
Mark Zuckerman and others
As pathogen molecular diagnostics technology develops, the software analysis of polymerase chain reaction sigmoidal curves, cycle threshold (Ct) values, and the limit of nucleic acid detection for that assay is not always available when reporting test results. These are critical components in ...
Measles: What Goes Around, Comes Around
William J Moss and Diane E Griffin
Measles cases are increasing globally and in the United States because of low routine measles vaccine coverage and disruptions to immunization services during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To achieve and sustain measles elimination requires maintaining high coverage with 2 doses of measles vaccine, addressing vaccine hesitancy and misinformation, strong political commitment, and the necessary financial resources.
Instrumental Variables Analysis and Mendelian Randomization for Causal Inference
Erica E M Moodie and Saskia le Cessie
Causal inference is a branch of statistics that attempts to quantify the impact of a treatment or intervention on an outcome, recognizing that, when experimentation is impossible, the treatment allocation may not be independent of other factors that predict the outcome. Rather, there may be common ...
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Loss: What Does Integration Have to Do With a Functional Hepatitis B Virus Cure?
Ashwin Balagopal and Chloe L Thio
The first demonstration of the importance of iDNA as a source of HBsAg is a tour-de-force study by Wooddell et al [ 11 ] who showed that a small interfering RNA (siRNA) administered to persons with HBeAg-positive CHB led to nearly 100-fold decreases in HBsAg levels. In contrast, persons with ...
Why is Parasite Sex Sexy?
Sebastian Shaw and Boris Striepen
Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of severe diarrheal disease around the world. Recent field research points to parasite sex as the source of hypertransmissibility fueling continental sweeps, while new laboratory studies took advantage of Cryptosporidium sex to build powerful experimental ...
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